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|era = Ancient philosophy '''Archimedes of Syracuse''' ([[Ancient Greek|Greek]]: {{polytonic|[[wikt:Ἀρχιμήδης|Ἀρχιμήδης]]}}; ''c.'' 287  ...

...um, rotors, reflector, and plugboard.<ref>Marian Rejewski, "How the Polish Mathematicians Broke Enigma," Appendix D to [[Władysław Kozaczuk]], ''Enigma'', 1984, pp. ...wirings of the rotors and reflector.<ref>Marian Rejewski, "How the Polish Mathematicians Broke Enigma," Appendix D to [[Władysław Kozaczuk]], ''Enigma'', 1984, p. 2 ...

...youth, Zhang left home in 95 to pursue his studies at universities in the ancient capitals of [[Chang'an]] and [[Luoyang]].<ref name="crespigny 2007 1049"/> ...as signs of displeasure from Heaven.<ref name="crespigny 2007 1050"/> The ancient Chinese viewed natural calamities as cosmological punishments for misdeeds ...

...discipline—studies groups in their own right.{{cref|a}} To explore groups, mathematicians have devised [[Glossary of group theory|various notions]] to break groups i ...ing the foundation of a collaboration that, with input from numerous other mathematicians, [[classification of finite simple groups|classified all finite simple grou ...