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| Smallest recognized division of a [[chemical element]] ...m]] ([[Helium|He]]) to 520 pm ([[Caesium|Cs]]) ([[Atomic radii of the elements (data page)|data page]]) ...

...ce at a position determined primarily by its mass, but also based upon its chemical composition and other factors. All main sequence stars are in [[hydrostatic ...ter Heinrich Vogt and Henry Norris Russell. By this theorem, once a star's chemical composition and its position on the main sequence is known, so too is the s ...

...atomic number]]—or element—94) is a rare [[transuranic]] [[radioactive]] [[chemical element|element]]. It is an [[actinide]] [[metal]] of silvery-white appeara ...e various colors. It is generally believed that the color is a function of chemical purity, stoichiometry, particle size, and method of preparation, although t ...

| title=The chemical composition of IK Pegasi ...Optical density|optically thick]] due to partial [[ionization]] of certain elements. When these atoms lose an [[electron]], the likelihood that they will absor ...

...heir properties to a plain [[carbon steel]]. The effect on weldability of elements like [[chromium]] and [[vanadium]], while not as great as [[carbon]], is mo ...[[Aluminium alloy|aluminum alloys]] varies significantly, depending on the chemical composition of the alloy used. Aluminum alloys are susceptible to hot crac ...

...s in stars. [[Astronomer]]s can determine the [[mass]], age, [[Metallicity|chemical composition]] and many other properties of a star by observing its [[Astron ...osed primarily of hydrogen, along with helium and trace amounts of heavier elements. Once the stellar core is sufficiently dense, some of the hydrogen is stead ...

[[Image:DNA chemical structure.svg|right|thumb|350px|Chemical structure of DNA. [[Hydrogen bond]]s shown as dotted lines.]] ...e hydration level, DNA sequence, the amount and direction of supercoiling, chemical modifications of the bases, the type and concentration of metal [[ion]]s, a ...

...exis Thérèse Petit]] discovered that the specific heat capacities of solid elements at room temperature were inversely proportional to the atomic weight of the ...SIN B000GW7DXY | nopp = true}} A lecture delivered by Prof. Maxwell at the Chemical Society on 18 February 1875.</ref> since atoms have internal parts, heat en ...

...e=Mantle Convection and Plate Tectonics: Toward an Integrated Physical and Chemical Theory |+ Chemical Composition of the Crust<ref>{{cite book ...

...or preventing the [[Redox|oxidation]] of other molecules. Oxidation is a [[chemical reaction]] that transfers [[electron]]s from a substance to an [[oxidizing The term antioxidant originally was used to refer specifically to a chemical that prevented the consumption of oxygen. In the late 19th and early 20th c ...

...in their cores. When a red giant finally casts off its outer layers, these elements would then be recycled to form other star systems.<ref name=Hoyle2005/> ...8|loc=p. 207}}</ref> Late in the life of these stars, they ejected heavier elements into the [[interstellar medium]].<ref name=Lineweaver2001 /> ...

...tral features have been found so far which can be attributed to particular chemical compounds, although the Cassini observations yielded evidence for absorptio ...4/> The dust produced in collisions retains approximately the same orbital elements as the parent bodies and slowly spirals in the direction of [[Jupiter]] for ...

...surements of molecular distances]]. Recently, photons have been studied as elements of [[quantum computer]]s and for sophisticated applications in [[optical co ...ight's frequency, not on its intensity. For example, [[photochemistry|some chemical reactions]] are provoked only by light of frequency higher than a certain t ...

...cosmos closely match the calculated predictions for the formation of these elements from nuclear processes in the rapidly expanding and cooling first minutes o ...tellar nucleosynthesis]], the nuclear pathway for building certain heavier elements from lighter ones. After the discovery of the [[cosmic microwave background ...

...operation|operation]] that combines any two of its [[element (mathematics)|elements]] to form a third element. To qualify as a group, the set and the operation ...ry operation|operation]] "•" that combines any two [[element (mathematics)|elements]] ''a'' and ''b'' to form another element denoted {{nowrap|''a'' • ''b''}}. ...

...e heavy elements are termed metals by astronomers and the portion of heavy elements is the [[metallicity]].<ref>{{cite journal ...

...sible because white dwarf material is not composed of [[atom]]s bound by [[chemical bond]]s, but rather consists of a [[plasma (physics)|plasma]] of unbound [[ ...ury, there was reason to believe that stars were composed chiefly of heavy elements,<ref name="stoner" />^{, p.&nbsp;955} so, in his 1931 paper, Chandr ...

...8 }} — At the site, go to the "web interface" then select "Ephemeris Type: ELEMENTS", "Target Body: Mars" and "Center: Sun".</ref> ...rt of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006 ...

...so show enrichment in carbon dioxide.<ref name=Hibbitts1998/> Overall, the chemical composition of the surface, especially in the dark areas, may be close to t ...atter, and currently, Callisto's ocean is only being heated by radioactive elements, whereas Europa has tidal energy as well, from its greater proximity to Jup ...

...by [[natural kind]] terms—such as tiger, water, and tree—are the principal elements of the meaning of such terms. There is a linguistic division of labor, anal Putnam specifies a finite sequence of elements (a vector) for the description of the meaning of every term in the language ...