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...Arnold | first = VI | authorlink = Vladimir Arnold | year = 1989 | title = Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics, 2nd ed. | publisher = Springer-Verlag | loc ...tries O₄ and SU₃ for All Classical Central Potential Problems | journal = Progress of Theoretical Physics | volume = 37 | pages = 798&nda ...

...</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Nets, Puzzles, and Postmen: An Exploration of Mathematical Connections|author=Peter M. Higgins|year=2007|publisher=Oxford University P ...tician) | title = Euler: The Master of Us All| year = 1999| publisher =The Mathematical Association of America | pages = 17}}</ref> He is also renowned for his wor ...

...f the problem involving these and other assumptions have been published in mathematical literature. ...statement of the Monty Hall problem, explanations, simulations, and formal mathematical proofs, many people still meet the correct answer with disbelief. ...

...ar = 1965| chapter = The Tangency Problem of Apollonius| title = 100 Great Problems of Elementary Mathematics: Their History and Solutions| publisher = Dover| ...>{{cite book| author = [[Isaac Newton|Newton I]]| year = 1974| title = The Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton, Volume VI: 1684–1691| editor = DT Whiteside| publis ...

...g—that it encountered [[Controversy over Cantor's theory|resistance]] from mathematical contemporaries such as [[Leopold Kronecker]] and [[Henri Poincaré]]<ref>Dau ...ngen|University of Göttingen]], then and later a very important center for mathematical research. In 1867, Berlin granted him the [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] for ...

...publishers, Redwood City, CA.</ref> operating on the principle that large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which are then solved [[Concurrency ...will limit the overall speed-up available from parallelization. Any large mathematical or engineering problem will typically consist of several parallelizable par ...

...n domain]]s. The Euclidean algorithm has been generalized further to other mathematical structures, such as [[knot (mathematics)|knots]] and [[multivariate polynom ...ef>Stark, p. 16.</ref> although the latter notation is also used for other mathematical concepts, such as two-dimensional [[coordinate vector|vectors]]. ...

...the "Quine-Putnam indispensability thesis," an argument for the reality of mathematical entities,<ref>Colyvan, Mark, [http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2004/e ...is political views, as expressed in the articles "How Not to Solve Ethical Problems" (1983) and "Education for Democracy" (1993).<ref name="Hick" /> ...

...department at the [[University of Göttingen]], a world-renowned center of mathematical research. The philosophical faculty objected, however, and she spent four y ...s]], ''[[Noether's theorem]]'', has been called "one of the most important mathematical theorems ever proved in guiding the development of modern physics".<ref nam ...

...er is the sum of the two directly above it. The triangle demonstrates many mathematical properties in addition to showing [[binomial coefficients]].]] ...l=http://www.math.rutgers.edu/courses/436/Honors02/leibniz.html |title=The Mathematical Leibniz |publisher=Math.rutgers.edu |date= |accessdate=2009-08-16}}</ref> ...

...mathematical proof|Proofs]] have been formulated with varying degrees of [[mathematical rigour]], taking into account preferred development of the real numbers, ba ...generally unrelated to 0.999…, but they are of considerable interest in [[mathematical analysis]]. ...

...cluding the bases of the latter), and regarded this as the greatest of his mathematical achievements. ...e [[Archimedes Palimpsest]] has provided new insights into how he obtained mathematical results.<ref>{{cite web | title = Archimedes - The Palimpsest|author=| publ ...

...p and its operation. This allows one to handle entities of very different mathematical origins in a flexible way, while retaining essential structural aspects of ...and firmly established around 1870. Modern [[group theory]]—a very active mathematical discipline—studies groups in their own right.{{cref|a}} To explore groups, ...

...w class of preferred motions, too, defines a geometry of space and time—in mathematical terms, it is the [[geodesic]] motion associated with a specific [[connectio ...time's semi-Riemannian metric, at least up to a positive scalar factor. In mathematical terms, this defines a [[conformal structure]].<ref>E.g. {{Harvnb|Ehlers|197 ...

...description had in turn been generalized to higher-dimensional spaces in a mathematical formalism introduced by [[Bernhard Riemann]] in the 1850s. With the help of ...gravity: they are how matter tells spacetime how to curve. In the theory's mathematical formulation, all these quantities are but aspects of a more general physica ...

...onsumption tax]], many of them view the FairTax proposal as having serious problems with evasion and revenue neutrality.<ref name="money"/> Some economists arg While many economists and tax experts support a consumption tax, problems could arise with using a retail sales tax rather than a [[value added tax]] ...

|chapter=The Singularity and Other Problems ...es of all flavor transformations are described by a [[matrix (mathematics)|mathematical table]], called the [[Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix]] (or CKM matrix). T ...

...er, the ''[[Book of Later Han]]'' hints that Zhang was the first to make a mathematical grid reference, stating that he "cast a network of coordinates about heaven ...1996 398">Xiao & Knechtges (1996), 398.</ref> Cui stated, "[Zhang Heng's] mathematical computations exhausted (the riddles of) the heavens and the earth. His inve ...